Surface Hydroxyl Relay Promotes Acidic Water Oxidation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ruthenium (Ru) is a promising iridium (Ir) alternative for proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE), but Ru-based catalysts face an OER stability issue in acidic conditions. We addressed this using a hydroxyl relay strategy on RuO 2 surfaces via boron (B) doping. The three-coordinate B sites with empty p orbitals readily form coordination bonds with hydroxyl groups. These B sites relay *OH to neighboring Ru sites, facilitating the formation of the OOH intermediate, lowering the OER energy barrier, and preventing Ru overoxidation. Furthermore, the B dopants create a robust B–O–Ru local structure, which significantly stabilizes the catalyst framework. Consequently, the B-doped RuO 2 nanosheets (B-RuO 2 NS) show an ultralow overpotential (190 mV at 10 mA cm –2 ) and exceptional stability (1600 h at 10 mA cm –2, 200 h at 1 A cm –2 ). This work demonstrates how targeted hydroxyl relay engineering can simultaneously enhance activity and stability, offering a viable pathway to develop high-performance and durable Ru catalysts for industrial PEMWE applications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".