Reconstructing the Ecological History of Shell‐Boring Polychaetes in the Salish Sea to Inform Conservation and Restoration Strategies for Native Oyster <scp> <i>Ostrea lurida</i> </scp>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT The Olympia oyster ( Ostrea lurida ) is the only oyster native to the west coast of the United States. Its populations are less than 5% of what they were historically, and although restoration efforts have re‐established some populations, the long‐term viability of the species will depend on its capacity to resist environmental threats. Shell‐boring polychaetes have recently been reported for the first time in the Salish Sea, infesting both Pacific ( Magallana gigas ) and native oysters. These parasitic worms are pervasive aquaculture pests that can jeopardize oyster health and growth. It remains unknown whether these polychaetes are new to the Salish Sea ecosystem, or if they have long been present but were previously unreported. We take advantage of the fact that traces of infestation are preserved in oyster shells to generate a timeline for shell‐boring polychaetes in the region. We collected 996 native oyster shells from four populations (Modern, Archaeological, Recent Fossil, and Fossil) across three different time periods (Modern, Holocene and Pleistocene). Infestation prevalence ranged from 9% to 55% in the past populations, and from 18% to 96% in the Modern populations, suggesting that prevalence is higher today than it was in the past. Radiocarbon dating and prior studies allowed us to determine that shell‐boring polychaetes have coexisted with native oysters for at least 80,000 years. We end by providing some recommendations for managers and practitioners on how to monitor for this parasite if it were to pose threats for native oyster populations undergoing restoration.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".