Failure of γδ T Cell Recovery in the Gut With Effective Anti‐HIV Therapy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction Infection with HIV alters γδ T cells, and while these changes have been well documented in blood, they are less well understood in the gut. Methods Phenotype (specifically HIV coreceptor expression) and polyfunctionality, as defined by concomitant cytokine expression, were evaluated in γδ T cells in the blood and gut of effectively treated people living with HIV (PLWH) and people without HIV (PWOH). Mononuclear cells were isolated from blood and recto‐sigmoid colon biopsy tissue, and γδ T cells were evaluated by flow cytometry. Results The expression of α4β7 was significantly higher in gut‐derived γδ T cells of PLWH compared to PWOH and blood‐derived cells of both groups. The polyfunctionality profile of gut‐derived γδ T cells in PLWH was also different than that of PWOH, with significantly higher expression of IFN‐γ in the gut‐derived cells. Conclusion The alterations observed in gut‐derived γδ T cells from effectively treated PLWH suggest cellular function is not restored with prolonged antiretroviral therapy (ART) and may contribute to a chronic inflammatory state. Trial Registration: HAVARTI trial registration (ClinicalTrials.gov): NCT03147859
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".