Timelike convergence condition in regular black-hole spacetimes with (anti–)de Sitter core
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Hawking--Penrose singularity theorem weakens the causality assumption of global hyperbolicity used in the Penrose singularity theorem, at the expense of invoking the stronger timelike (instead of null) convergence condition (TCC). We analyze the TCC for a large class of dynamical spherically symmetric spacetimes and show that it decomposes into three independent conditions on the Misner-Sharp mass function. For stationary black holes, only two of these are nontrivial. One of these conditions is already implied by the null convergence condition (NCC), whereas the other one depends explicitly on the TCC and constrains the sign of the second derivative of the mass function. We show that generic asymptotically flat regular black holes with a smooth de Sitter core locally violate this new TCC-induced condition near the core, even if they globally satisfy the other condition imposed by the NCC. Therefore, it is the violation of the TCC which ensures that regular de Sitter core black holes circumvent the Hawking-Penrose theorem. By contrast, we show that asymptotically flat regular black holes with an anti--de Sitter core locally satisfy the new TCC-induced condition near the core, but necessarily violate it at some finite distance away from it. As concrete examples for both types of spacetimes, we consider TCC violations in the Bardeen black-hole spacetime with a de Sitter core, and in a modified Bardeen black-hole spacetime with an anti--de Sitter core.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".