Systemic Accumulation and Deterrent Effects of Ipomeamarone in Sweetpotato Weevil-Injured Storage Roots
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Sweetpotato weevil, Cylas formicarius elegantulus (Summers) (Coleoptera: Brentidae), is one of the most devastating pests of sweetpotatoes in tropical and subtropical regions. Furanoterpenoids are produced when sweetpotato weevils feed on storage roots, making them potentially unmarketable and toxic to livestock and humans. However, accumulation of these furanoterpenoids in uninfested parts of weevil-infested storage roots is poorly characterized. Here we identified ipomeamarone and its precursor, dehydroipomeamarone, in weevil-infested sweetpotato storage roots and confirmed the identities of the compounds by LC–MS, LC-MS/MS, and NMR analysis. Ipomeamarone induction was systemic in the roots, with elevated levels detected in healthy parts of the roots 2–5 cm away from the site of infestation. A clear relationship between the presence of furanoterpenoids in the storage root and the behavior of C. formicarius elegantulus was found. When adults were presented with root slices taken at several distances from the point of infestation, the number of eggs laid increased progressively with distance from the point of infestation, peaking at 7 cm from the site of infestation. Both egg-laying and adult feeding were reduced on isolated root slices treated with pure ipomeamarone, underscoring the potential role of this compound as a deterrent against C. formicarius elegantulus . This study contributes to our understanding of host plant selection and could inform integrated pest management strategies against the sweetpotato weevil.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".