Unanticipated Thio-Oxidation of Organophosphite Chemical Additives in PVC Microplastics Following <i>In Situ</i> Weathering
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Microplastics have emerged as contaminants of concern due to their worldwide distribution and persistence. Following environmental weathering, the chemical composition of microplastics may be altered by physicochemical processes. In this study, nontargeted analysis was employed to examine changes in the chemical compositions of five types of microplastics that had been subjected to 16 weeks of in situ exposure to river water. The highest number of observed peak features was associated with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) (12,043), among which 2,086 were newly formed during exposure. It was unanticipated that three organothiophosphates, including triphenyl thiophosphate (TPTP), were identified with the highest abundance. The abiotic formation of organothiophosphates was confirmed via in-lab simulation trials following 6 weeks of artificial weathering. To further investigate potential reaction mechanisms, isotope-labeling trials were used to confirm the thio-oxidation of TPPi by polysulfides via the phosphonium intermediate. This is the first report of thio-oxidation of organophosphites, highlighting the importance of considering chemical transformations when conducting microplastic risk assessments.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".