Validity and reliability of assessing strength and balance improvements by videoconference in pre-frail and frail older adults
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Assessing older adults' physical function via videoconferencing technology is acceptable and feasible, enabling researchers and practitioners to monitor mobility remotely. However, validity of remote assessment in pre-frail and frail older adults, and its ability to detect change with intervention, has yet to be established. AIM: To establish the validity of remote physical function assessment in pre-frail and frail older adults compared to in-person assessment, and its reliability in detecting improvements in physical function during a 12-week exercise training intervention. METHODS: Participants aged ≥ 65 years identified as pre-frail or frail based on in-person Short Physical Performance Battery scores ≤ 8 completed remote and in-person assessment of the 5x sit-to-stand, 60-second sit-to-stand, and single leg standing balance four times over 12-weeks (n = 49 at baseline, 40 at follow-up), with one group improving physical function with homebased exercise. Intraclass Correlation Coefficient and Bland Altman plots were used to determine agreement between assessment settings and consistency across the range of observed scores respectively in both Exercise and Control groups over time. RESULTS: Remote assessment of sit-to-stand tests had good-to-excellent agreement with in-person assessment, and balance tests had moderate-to-good agreement. In the Exercise group, absolute bias in sit-to-stand tests was observed in both remote and in-person assessments at 4, 8, and 12 weeks, though this was not statistically different to the Control group. DISCUSSION: Remotely assessing physical function in pre-frail and frail older adults is promising when compared to in-person assessments; however, there may be a bias towards better test performance over time when assessed remotely compared to in-person. CONCLUSIONS: Monitoring change in physical function in pre-frail and frail older adults using remote assessment is useful but should consider potential bias in measurement outcomes. Larger and more specific studies are needed to conclusively demonstrate the validity of remote assessment compared to in-person assessment when dealing with pre-frail and frail older people.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".