Severe duodenal entrapment secondary to omental adhesion in a Labrador retriever
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A nine-year-old male neutered Labrador presented with an acute history of regurgitation, vomiting and lethargy. The dog had a previous diagnosis of chronic inflammatory enteropathy for which he was receiving 0.8 mg/kg prednisolone PO once a day, alongside elevation of liver enzymes of unknown relevance/cause. At presentation, haematology was unremarkable and biochemistry revealed ongoing elevation of liver enzymes (ALT 239 U/L, ALP 302 U/L). Abdominal radiographs were taken, showing a slightly gas-distended stomach in the left cranial abdomen (Fig 1A). The right lateral projection demonstrated continuation between the partially gas-distended pylorus into a markedly distended loop of duodenum and a second mid-abdominal loop (Fig 1A). The remaining small intestines were considered within normal limits. These changes were suggestive of a proximal small intestinal mechanical obstruction. The primary differentials were mesenteric rent, torsion, stricture or obstructive intestinal disease. The dog had no prior history of abdominal surgery. An exploratory coeliotomy revealed marked duodenal dilation, with the omentum covering the duodenum upon entry. The liver was generally enlarged with a roughened surface. The duodenum was entrapped within an enclosure created by an omental adhesion to the caudate process of the caudate liver lobe (Fig 1C), with the entrapped duodenum accounting for both distended loops visible on the radiographs. No torsion, nor discolouration of the entrapped intestine was present. The adhesion was broken down with electrocautery and the duodenum released. Some dilation was relieved via passing of a orogastric tube. Complete decompression was not possible, which was due to luminal contents blocking the needle hub, or the marked distension making manipulation of the gaseous contents challenging. The dog recovered uneventfully. Despite the novelty of this case, it reiterates the diagnostic utility of radiographs for diagnosing gastrointestinal obstruction when considering an exploratory celiotomy. L. F. Doeven drafted the manuscript. All authors contributed equally to the management of the case and revising of the manuscript.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".