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Record W4416791027 · doi:10.4324/9781003391067-11

Contextualising substance use among professionals in Canada

2025· book-chapter· en· W4416791027 on OpenAlexaboutno aff
Niki Kiepek

Bibliographic record

Venuenot available
Typebook-chapter
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicSubstance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsHarmSubstance useRelevance (law)Harm reductionPopulationPoliticsPublic policySocial policy

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The intent of this chapter is to contextualise research findings about substance use by professionals within contemporary political, legal, and societal contexts, with a focus on decriminalisation. Decriminalisation tends to be framed in relation to populations most vulnerable to harms associated with substance use and criminalisation, while relevance to the broader public remains largely unexamined. From 2017 to 2019, my team undertook research on substance use among professionals in Canada, a population which benefits from protective factors that mitigate harm. We found that substance use is not uncommon among professionals and there is a high degree of choice and control. Among this population, non-disclosure of substance use is the norm, due to potential social repercussions and the involvement of regulatory bodies. While our findings demonstrate predominantly beneficial and non-problematic experiences of substance use, such experiences remain largely absent from social, legal, and political discussions. To contextualise our findings within current political, legal, and societal contexts, I examine current deliberations about harm in relation to (de)criminalisation; namely harm of substances and harm of drug laws . Concerns around personal and societal harms arising from the effects of substance use, cultivation, and distribution coexist alongside concerns of harm as an outcome of drug law and policy enforcement. Evaluations of harm that pertain to both substance use and drug laws need to be more firmly conceptualised to better ascertain the effectiveness of national and international policies, laws, and conventions. To facilitate understanding about non-problematic and beneficial experiences of substance use, researchers, policy-makers and legislators need to create safe opportunities for personal disclosure across all members of society.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.003
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.008
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Qualitative · Consensus signal: Qualitative
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.157
Threshold uncertainty score0.977

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0030.008
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.001
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0030.006
Science and technology studies0.0270.010
Scholarly communication0.0090.003
Open science0.0020.008
Research integrity0.0020.004
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0060.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.038
GPT teacher head0.273
Teacher spread0.236 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designQualitative
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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