Microvascular arteriolar reactivity in response to skeletal muscle contractions in female and male hamsters
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Microvascular control mechanisms involved in the blood flow response to muscle contractions have been well documented in males but remain poorly understood in females. Therefore, we characterized arteriolar vasodilation in situ using intravital microscopy of the retractor muscle of anesthetized female and male hamsters (8–13 weeks). Arterioles were stimulated physiologically by contracting 3–5 skeletal muscle fibers overlying the arteriole for 2 min using a range of twitch and tetanic stimulation parameters: 6, 15, and 60 contractions per minute (cpm) at 20 Hz, or 4, 20, and 70 Hz at 15 cpm (250 ms train duration) and pharmacologically via 2 min micropipette application of nitric oxide (NO, 10 −5 M), adenosine (ADO, 10 −6 M) and potassium (K + , 20 mM) as well as acetylcholine (ACh, 10 −6 M) to assess local and conducted responses. Sex differences were not observed in the magnitude or rate of arteriolar vasodilation under any physiological or pharmacological condition. Collectively, these data demonstrate that arteriolar reactivity to muscle contractions and to pharmacological stimuli relevant to muscle contractions, were not different between females and males. These data suggest that the integrated vascular response during active hyperemia may not be sexually dimorphic.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".