The Relationship between the Level of Somatosensory Amplification and Psychological and Functional Status in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Somatosensory amplification plays a role in the development of pain and psychological distress associated with chronic musculoskeletal conditions, such as knee osteoarthritis (OA). OBJECTIVE: The aim of the current research is to examine the relationship between the level of somatosensory amplification and psychological and functional status in patients diagnosed with knee OA. METHODS: The study included 88 patients with knee OA (mean age: 63.55 ± 10.06 years; 79.5% female). Patient evaluation was conducted using several standardized tools: the Somatosensory Amplification Scale (SSAS), Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TAMPA), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC). RESULTS: In individuals aged 75 and over, SSAS (P= 0.011) and BDI (P < 0.001) scores were statistically significantly higher than those of both 40-64 and 65-74 years age groups; TAMPA (P= 0.04) and WOMAC (P= 0.001) scores were statistically significantly higher than those of 40-64 years age group. TAMPA (P= 0.008), BDI (P= 0.019), and WOMAC (P= 0.005) scores were significantly higher in females than in males. The studied parameters did not change significantly according to the disease duration. When the relationship between somatosensory amplification and kinesiophobia, pain, depression level, and functional status was examined, positive correlation was revealed between the SSAS and TAMPA (r= 0.232, P= 0.029), BDI (r= 0.379, P= 0.000), and WOMAC (r= 0.299, P= 0.005) scores. CONCLUSION: Patients with knee OA often experience increased depression, kinesiophobia, pain, and reduced functional status. They also tend to show heightened somatosensory amplification, linked to psychological distress and functional limitations. Addressing these cognitive patterns within individualized rehabilitation may improve treatment outcomes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".