Circulating cell adhesion molecules as biomarkers in inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Endothelial dysfunction is a recognized component of the pathogenesis and clinical course of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Measurement of soluble forms of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) may reflect the extent of endothelial injury and serve as potential biomarkers of disease activity. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies reporting soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 (sMAdCAM-1), and selectins (sE-selectin, sP-selectin, and sL-selectin) in patients with IBD and healthy controls, or in comparable IBD subgroups defined by disease activity or type. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus from inception to June 15, 2025. Risk of bias was assessed using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results: Twenty-six studies met the inclusion criteria. Compared with healthy controls, patients with IBD showed higher levels of sICAM-1 (SMD 1.38, 95% CI 0.51 to 2.25, p=0.002) and sE-selectin (SMD 0.35, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.61, p=0.008). In subgroup analyses, this association persisted for sICAM-1 in both Crohn's disease (CD) (SMD 1.89, 95% CI 0.15 to 3.62, p=0.033) and ulcerative colitis (UC) (SMD 0.95, 95% CI 0.25 to 1.64, p=0.008), and for sE-selectin only in CD (SMD 0.43, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.82, p=0.032). When comparing active and inactive disease, higher sICAM-1 levels were observed in the active group (SMD 0.75, 95% CI 0.38 to 1.12, p<0.001), while no significant differences were found for other CAMs. No differences in levels of these molecules were observed between CD and UC. Conclusions: Circulating CAMs, particularly sICAM-1 and sE-selectin, are elevated in IBD patients, supporting a role of endothelial injury in disease pathogenesis. Among these, sICAM-1 shows potential as a biomarker for distinguishing active from inactive disease. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD420251088622.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.010 | 0.025 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.017 | 0.021 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.007 | 0.011 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".