Demand for human leukocyte antigen or human platelet antigen‐selected platelets: An observational study at Canadian Blood Services
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background Platelet transfusion refractoriness (PTR) is a clinically important condition. The Human Leukocyte Antigen and Human Platelet Antigen (HLA/HPA) Platelet Program at Canadian Blood Services (CBS) provides platelet products to support such patients. This study provides a blood operator perspective on the provision of products for the management of immune‐mediated PTR (iPTR), including the evaluation of patient data to determine trends in the prevalence and diagnoses associated with iPTR. Study design and methods A retrospective observational study of patients enrolled in the CBS HLA/HPA Platelet Program between April 2021 and March 2025. Patient demographics and platelet product issuance were extracted from internal electronic records. Descriptive statistics were utilized for baseline characteristics and linear regression for temporal trends. Results We identified 788 cases representing 688 unique patients. Median patient age was 60.5 years. The most frequent diagnoses were acute leukemia (44%) and myelodysplastic syndrome (15%). HLA/HPA platelet issuance showed a statistically significant upward trend (average increase 23 units/quarter, p = .004). Platelet requests strongly predicted units issued ( R 2 = 0.92, p < .001), whereas the number of cases was a weak predictor for the number of platelets issued. Discussion The CBS HLA/HPA Platelet Program has experienced a rise in product demand. The strong relationship between product requests and issuance demonstrates the responsiveness of this program, though variability in fill rates and the limited predictive value of case counts highlight ongoing operational challenges. These findings can inform strategies for donor recruitment, inventory management, and case management to ensure reliable access to compatible platelets for sensitized patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".