Bibliographic record
Abstract
Canada has large reserves of rare earth elements (REEs) (estimated to be ∼15.2 Mt of REE oxides). It hosts several advanced exploration projects related either to alkaline (peralkaline) silicate complexes or to carbonatites. Alkaline silicate complexes, which host REE deposits, are composed of rocks ranging from nepheline syenites to peralkaline granites and trachytes and are of Proterozoic age. Advanced projects (Feasibility or Preliminary economic assessment stage) include Nechalacho (Northwest Territories), Strange Lake, Crater Lake, Kipawa (all in Quebec), and Foxtrot (Labrador). The alkaline silicate mineralization type is one of the most important sources of heavy REEs including Y. Mineralized carbonatites are the main source of light REE. Advanced projects include Ashram/Eldor in Quebec and Wicheeda in British Columbia. The main REE minerals in both types of these deposits are fluorocarbonates (bastnaesite), phosphates (monazite, apatite) and in silicate rocks also silicates (eudialyte). These deposits may contain significant concentrations of Zr (zircon), Nb (columbite, fergusonite, pyrochlore), and Th–U (monazite, uraninite, thorite). In addition, there are several other less advanced projects (with resource estimate only). They include carbonatite of Montviel and Saint-Honoré in Quebec, Prairie Lake, and Clay-Howells in Ontario as well as alkaline silicate project at Red Wine Mountains in Labrador. It is anticipated that Canada would be a global leader in the production of REEs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.024 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".