Antioxidant and migration-modulating effects of lactoferrin in human keratinocytes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Lactoferrin (Lf) is a multifunctional glycoprotein with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties that have been proposed as a therapeutic adjunct in wound healing. As keratinocytes are key drivers of re-epithelialization, this study investigated the effects of Lf on human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) cells with a focus on viability, proliferation, migration, and oxidative stress. HaCaT cells were treated with Lf at concentrations of 5, 7.5, and 10 µg/mL, and outcomes were assessed using metabolic and proliferation assays, a scratch wound healing assay, and measurements of nitrite, thiols, and antioxidant enzyme activities. Lf preserved keratinocyte viability and did not induce uncontrolled proliferation, indicating good cellular tolerance. Migration was not affected at early time-points but showed modest enhancement at 48 h in the 5 and 7.5 µg/mL groups. At the redox level, Lf selectively increased catalase activity across all doses, while nitrite and superoxide dismutase remained unchanged and thiols and glutathione S-transferase decreased at higher concentrations. Together, these findings identify Lf as a redox-centric modulator that enhances hydrogen peroxide detoxification without compromising cell integrity, supporting its potential as a safe adjunctive agent to promote orderly wound repair.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".