Green Synthesis of Highly Luminescent Carbon Quantum Dots from Asafoetida and Their Antibacterial Properties
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Highly luminescent carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and copper-doped CQDs (Cu-CQDs) were synthesized from Asafoetida powder using a one-pot hydrothermal method. The structural, morphological, and optical properties of the synthesized CQDs were characterized via microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. Photoluminescence studies revealed that CQDs exhibited maximum emission at 450 nm under 335 nm excitation with a quantum yield of 37%, while Cu-CQDs showed a red-shifted emission at 455 nm under 330 nm excitation and a significantly enhanced quantum yield of 73.4%. As a proof of concept for potential biomedical and surface-coating applications, the antimicrobial activity of both CQDs was evaluated against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Cu-CQDs exhibited superior antibacterial efficacy, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.3 mg mL−1. Furthermore, Cu-CQDs were immobilized on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) surface, and fluorescence microscopy confirmed their antibacterial effectiveness, demonstrating their potential for functionalized antimicrobial coatings.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".