Turning microfibrillated cellulose into continuous filaments through interfacial binding with dissolved cellulose
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC), produced directly through mechanical fibrillation, is an abundant raw material for textile fibers because of its hyperbranched network and minimal chemical usage. However, poor rheological properties and a tendency for phase separation as a result of insufficient water binding hinder continuous wet spinning. Herein, we introduce an interfacial binding strategy for improving MFC's rheological behavior by incorporating ionic-liquid-dissolved cellulose, enabling the preparation of continuous MFC-based filaments. Specifically, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim]Cl)-dissolved cellulose (DC) forms a fluidized layer on MFC surfaces to improve flow behavior and fiber entanglement, whereas dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) competes for hydrogen bonding to prevent MFC dissolution. The resulting MFC/DC filaments exhibit a tensile strength of 226.5 ± 7.6 MPa, a strain at break of 7.7% ± 0.4%, and a flexibility suitable for weaving. All solvents are efficiently recycled, offering a scalable and sustainable route to high-performance cellulose fibers as potential alternatives to synthetic textiles.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".