Home-Based Exercise Cardiac Telerehabilitation on Adherence and Functional Capacity for Patients After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Indonesia: Protocol for a Quasi-Experimental Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Home-based cardiac rehabilitation is a promising approach to improve access and adherence to cardiac rehabilitation (CR), which remains underutilized. However, monitoring patient adherence and safety during home-based exercise is challenging. Therefore, we develop and implement a home-based exercise cardiac telerehabilitation (HBECTR) program, integrating structured exercise guidance with remote monitoring. Objective: This trial is designed as a pilot feasibility study to evaluate the practicality, safety, and preliminary effects of HBECTR in patients who have undergone percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The primary objective is to analyze the effect of HBECTR on patients' adherence to CR, while the secondary objective is to measure the effect of HBECTR on the functional capacity of patients after PCI. Methods: This study is a quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest. The eligible participants are adults (≥18 y), patients with coronary artery disease after successful PCI, and patients having active health insurance. Patients will be consecutively recruited from Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, with a minimum of 60 patients after PCI as samples, divided into 2 groups: an intervention group and a comparison or control group. The intervention group will receive hybrid cardiac rehabilitation. Patients will be scheduled to do exercise twice a week at the hospital and 3 times a week at their home. When patients exercise at home, they will have to wear the smartwatch "CovWatch," which will be connected to the web-based app (App Rehab Cardio) to monitor their vital signs and the distance of walking. The control group will get usual care (center-based cardiac rehabilitation). The data will be analyzed using the Student t test to see if the data comply with the normality assumption. This protocol received approval from the institutional review board of the Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing UGM (approval number: KE/FK/0850/EC/2024). Results: The recruitment of the patients started in August 2024. This study is being funded since February 2025. During the submission, we have recruited 63 patients in both intervention and control groups. The intervention for both groups was finished in June 2025, and the data are being analyzed. Conclusions: It is expected that the HBECTR program will be feasible and safely implemented in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in Indonesia. By integrating a telerehabilitation model, it is expected that HBECTR will improve patients' adherence to CR and also increase the functional capacity of patients after PCI.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.013 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.006 | 0.003 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.030 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".