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Who Gets a Piece of the [Solar] PIE? An Exploratory Analysis of Participation, Inclusivity, and Equity in Halifax, Nova Scotia’s Solar Energy Transition

2025· preprint· W4416932622 on OpenAlexfundaboutno aff
Myah Shantz, Chad Walker

Bibliographic record

VenuePreprints.org · 2025
Typepreprint
Language
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicSocial Acceptance of Renewable Energy
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersSocial Sciences and Humanities Research Council of CanadaImpact Fund
KeywordsExploratory analysisEquity (law)Exploratory researchContext (archaeology)Nova scotiaGovernment (linguistics)Solar energyRenewable energy

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Solar energy continues to grow rapidly worldwide. Yet in the context of a ‘just transition’, recent research has found stark disparities in adoption across communities and socio-demographic groups. In Canada, where all levels of government have shown support for solar adoption, there is a clear lack of equity-centered research. For example, we can find no research that assesses the kinds of people that have invested in or developed solar PV. To begin and address this gap, we present results from a pilot study set in the Halifax Regional Municipality (HRM), Nova Scotia – a municipality that has developed a novel financing support program called Solar City. This exploratory work focuses on analyzing levels of participation, equity, and barriers experienced among homeowners who have adopted residential rooftop solar – via both Solar City and other non-local programs. After utilizing aerial imagery to locate a sample of solar installations in the HRM (n=1,315), we shared surveys that asked residents for their sociodemographic information as well as barriers faced in the adoption of solar. We then compared the sociodemographic infor-mation to municipal-level characteristics provided by Statistics Canada. We center our analyses around variables such as age, education, gender, and income. Our paper closes with a discussion and conclusion which we hope will inform future research and practice around equitable pathways towards a just solar energy transition – in Halifax and beyond.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.006
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.473
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0060.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0020.001
Bibliometrics0.0010.004
Science and technology studies0.0010.002
Scholarly communication0.0000.001
Open science0.0020.005
Research integrity0.0010.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0010.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.113
GPT teacher head0.396
Teacher spread0.283 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations1
Published2025
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

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