Sleep and physical activity trade-offs and dementia risk: a prospective cohort study in UK Biobank participants
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Engaging in regular physical activity and obtaining recommended amounts of sleep are touted as strategies to promote healthy brain aging. However, as each day is only 24 h long, changing time spent in one activity must come at the expense or gain of another, making it necessary to understand how the whole 24-h activity composition is associated with dementia risk. We investigated the effect of substituting sleep duration for different levels of physical activity (i.e., inactivity, light activity, and moderate to vigorous physical activity; MVPA) in short sleepers (< 6 h) and normal sleepers (≥ 6 h and ≤ 9 h). METHODS: The study sample comprised 87,490 participants from the community-based UK Biobank, with 24-h behaviors estimated using up to 7 days of accelerometry. Participants were free from dementia or severe neurological disease at baseline. The main outcome was the risk of incident all-cause dementia over a median follow-up of 8.2 years. RESULTS: The mean age of the sample was 63 years (Q1, Q3, 56, 68); 56% were women. For short sleepers, increasing sleep duration was associated with a lowering of dementia risk when at the expense of inactivity or light activity, but not when at the expense of MVPA. For normal sleepers, the effect of increasing or decreasing sleep duration on dementia risk differed for all three substituted behaviors (i.e., inactivity, light, or MVPA). Most notably, increasing sleep at the expense of MVPA was associated with greater dementia risk, and increasing MVPA at the expense of sleep was associated with lower dementia risk. The interpretation of the results was broadly consistent when using MRI-based outcomes (e.g., hippocampal volume) in a subset with brain imaging (n = 15,180). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings from this observational analysis suggest that personalized approaches that balance trade-offs between sleep duration and differing physical activity levels based on individual circumstances, such as habitual sleep duration, may be important for dementia risk reduction.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".