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Record W4416933890 · doi:10.1017/s136898002510147x

Factors contributing to food choice in the UK secondary school food setting: a systems map perspective

2025· article· en· W4416933890 on OpenAlexafffund
Niamh O’Kane, Ruth F. Hunter, Désirée Schliemann, Leandro García, Jayne V. Woodside

Bibliographic record

VenuePublic Health Nutrition · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldDecision Sciences
TopicComplex Systems and Decision Making
Canadian institutionsQueen's University
FundersNatural Environment Research CouncilEconomic and Social Research CouncilQueen's UniversityQueen's University BelfastHealth and Social Care Research and Development DivisionMedical Research CouncilPublic Health AgencyEngineering and Physical Sciences Research CouncilNational Institute for Health and Care ResearchBritish Heart FoundationCancer Research UK
KeywordsPerspective (graphical)Food choiceFood systemsPsychological interventionSchool choiceVisualizationFood policy

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Abstract Objective: To co-develop a systems map of the UK secondary school food system and to understand what factors contribute to food choice within it. Design: Participatory methods were used with a range of UK school stakeholders to co-produce a systems map of factors contributing to food choice in the secondary school food system. An online survey with stakeholders ( n 26) was used to gather an initial list of factors, and a group model-building workshop was conducted with stakeholders ( n 13) to establish relationships between these factors. Two school workshops captured the views of students ( n 17). The map then underwent final refinement by the research team, and all stakeholders were provided the opportunity to provide feedback on the final version. Setting: United Kingdom. Participants: UK school stakeholders. Results: The systems map contained twenty-four factors with forty-three direct causal relationships between them, each factor falling into one of six themes: catering and procurement; school leadership and governance; the priority of food within schools; social experience, behaviours and attitudes; the food space and experience in school and financial. The map demonstrates how each of the factors interacts with each other, including the direction of influence. It also reveals feedback loops that shape and sustain food choice patterns in secondary schools. Conclusions: The systems map provides a visualisation of the complex secondary school food system and can be used by stakeholders in the design and evaluation of whole-school, multi-component interventions and programmes targeting food choice in secondary schools.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.003
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.008
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Qualitative · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.037
Threshold uncertainty score0.074

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0030.008
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.001
Bibliometrics0.0040.004
Science and technology studies0.0030.006
Scholarly communication0.0080.004
Open science0.0010.006
Research integrity0.0010.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0070.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.193
GPT teacher head0.425
Teacher spread0.232 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designQualitative
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

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Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

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