Associations Between Dietary Habits and Accelerated Aging and the Establishment of an Accelerated Aging Interpretable Risk Prediction Model via Shapley Additive Explanations: Cross-Sectional Study From Two Representative Populations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Research has revealed potential links between specific dietary habits and accelerated aging. However, most studies focus only on singular diets or lack ethnic diversity. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the associations between 5 dietary indices and the risk of accelerated aging and develop an interpretable machine learning (ML) model for accelerated aging prediction. METHODS: We explored associations between dietary indices and the risk of accelerated aging using data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and the UK Biobank. A weighted linear regression analysis was used to determine whether accelerated aging was linked to dietary habits, and the covariates were gradually adjusted to ensure that the association was stable. Nonlinear correlations were explored using restricted cubic spline curves. In addition, multiple ML algorithms were used to build predictive models of accelerated aging risk. RESULTS: Except for the Dietary Inflammation Index (β=0.35, 95% CI 0.23-0.74), the other 4 dietary indices (Alternative Healthy Eating Index, Alternative Mediterranean Diet, Healthy Eating Index-2020, and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) were negatively associated with the risk of accelerated aging in NHANES participants. Similar results were observed in UK Biobank participants. Nine ML algorithms were used to develop risk prediction models, among which the gradient boosting decision tree model showed the best overall performance. A web-based prediction platform was developed and made publicly available. CONCLUSIONS: Significant associations between accelerated aging and dietary indices were observed. High compliance with the Dietary Inflammation Index had a promoting effect on accelerated aging, while high compliance with the Alternative Healthy Eating Index, Alternative Mediterranean Diet, Healthy Eating Index-2020, and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension showed varying degrees of protection against accelerated aging.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".