Effects of photoperiod on basal metabolism and substrate metabolism in Zebra Finches
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Photoperiod serves as an essential environmental cue that facilitates seasonal acclimatization and thermoregulation in birds. However, its effects on basal and substrate metabolism in Zebra Finches ( Taeniopygia guttata ) remain unclear. To explore the influence of photoperiod on basal metabolism and substrate metabolism in Zebra Finches, basal metabolic rate (BMR), body mass, cellular metabolic activities, and substrate metabolism were investigated under different photoperiods. After one week of exposure to a short photoperiod, Zebra Finches exhibited a temporary decrease in BMR, gross energy intake, digestible energy intake, and digestibility, although body mass remained unchanged throughout the experiment. After four weeks of acclimation, no significant differences were observed among different groups in state 4 respiration, cytochrome c oxidase activity, citrate synthase activity, avian uncoupling protein expression, or circulating triiodothyronine and thyroxine hormone levels. In terms of substrate metabolism, short photoperiod-exposed finches showed increased pectoral muscle glycogen content and elevated serum triglyceride and free fatty acid levels, accompanied by a decrease in body fat. No differences were detected in serum glucose levels or in the activity and mRNA levels of carnitine palmityl-transferase-1 and β -hydroxyacyl Co-A dehydrogenase. These findings suggest that changes in photoperiod may serve as signals for substrate metabolism remodeling, while having only transient effects on basal metabolism in Zebra Finches.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".