Behavior of eccentrically loaded RC columns strengthened with FRCM wraps
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study provides experimental evidence for a carbon fabric-reinforced cementitious matrix (C-FRCM) strengthening solution as an innovative approach to strengthening circular reinforced concrete (RC) columns under both concentric and eccentric loading conditions. Twelve RC columns were tested under different eccentricity-to-depth ratios ( e/h ) of 0.0–0.3. Experimental results showed that applying a single layer of C-FRCM resulted in minimal or no improvement in the axial load capacity of RC columns. However, the use of two layers of C-FRCM led to incremental load increases across all levels of eccentricity, with strength gains ranging from 12.6 % to 38.6 %. These incremental load increases tended to decrease with higher e/h ratios, indicating reduced confinement effectiveness under greater bending conditions. A new analytical model was developed for strength prediction, accounting for the nonlinearity of the materials and the interaction between the internal steel tie confinement and the external FRCM wrapping confinement. The model's predictions were validated using experimental data from the present study, as well as additional data available in the literature. The model also generated P–M interaction diagrams that reasonably reflected the experimental trends, validating its applicability as a robust tool for structural assessment and strengthening design.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".