Spatial Distribution and Sensitivity of Localized Plasmon Modes in Individual Infrared SPP/ENZ Resonators Probed via EELS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Controlling the spatial distribution and field localization of plasmonic elements is crucial to designing systems which rely on modal overlap. Such overlaps can lead to strong coupling, as has previously been demonstrated for mid-infrared surface plasmon polariton (SPP) and epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) modes in cadmium oxide (CdO) thin films. Insight into how local cavity confinement alters modal frequency, spatial field distribution, and coupling behavior is desirable for further control of CdO-supported polaritons. Here, we utilize monochromated electron energy loss spectroscopy in the scanning transmission electron microscope to locally probe and map out the plasmonic response of CdO pillars comprised of SPP- and ENZ-sustaining layers with simultaneously high spatial and energy resolution. We demonstrate that multiple localized surface plasmons (LSP) appear strongly asymmetric due to convoluting effects of uneven carbon coating and crosstalk between microresonators. Several of these modes are nonradiative in nature, and the diameter-independent modes convolve with diameter-dependent modes. Effects of Ga + irradiation and hydration are additionally investigated as factors impacting the plasmonic response. These results provide fundamental insights into how radiant and subradiant modes manifest within propagating infrared plasmonic materials that have been shaped into individual resonators, offering relevant insights into the photonic density of states of hybrid resonators.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".