Rapid maxillary expansion and its impact on sleep apnea in children aged 5 to 8 years: a retrospective study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Determine the impact of early transverse maxillary expansion on the symptomatic manifestation of sleep apnea in children aged 5-8 years. METHODS: Nineteen patients (mean age: 6.84 years) with maxillary constriction underwent rapid maxillary expansion (RME) for orthodontic treatment. Inclusion criteria: age 5-8 years, Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) > 1, treated with Memory screw Hyrax appliance, under pediatric sleep physician care. Exclusion criteria: non-compliance, re-evaluation delays (> 3 months). Primary variable: AHI before (T0) and after (T1) expansion. Treatment ended based on malocclusion correction. AHI comparisons included dentition status and gender as secondary variables. RESULTS: A paired t-test showed no significant difference in the mean AHI between T0 (4.05±2.55) and T1 (3.68±3.12) for primary variables (p>0.05). At T0, no significant AHI difference was found between genders (F: 3.21±2.47; M: 4.09±2.87, p>0.05). After expansion (T1), a significant change was observed between genders (F: 1.75±1.03; M: 5.18±3.68, p<0.05). There was also no significant difference in AHI changes based on dentition status. A negative correlation was found between AHI changes and transverse changes and at canine and molar levels. CONCLUSION: No significant evidence was found to support the effectiveness of early maxillary expansion in improving sleep apnea among children with maxillary constriction. However, the gender-specific responses and the potential dose-response relationship between maxillary expansion and AHI reduction highlight the complexity of treating pediatric OSA.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".