Endoresection in Choroidal Melanoma: Outcomes of Intentional Incomplete Tumor Removal
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To assess the outcomes of a modified surgical approach for the treatment of uveal melanoma involving endoresection with intentional residual tumor at the margins, combined with adjuvant ruthenium-106 brachytherapy. This technique aims to reduce surgical morbidity, while preserving visual function and maintaining effective local tumor control and survival. We conducted a retrospective observational study including 33 patients with choroidal melanoma treated between January 2017 and August 2024 at a single tertiary ocular oncology center in Spain. Patients underwent pars plana vitrectomy and endoresection leaving residual tumor followed by ruthenium-106 brachytherapy. Clinical, functional, and oncological outcomes were analyzed, including tumor recurrence, metastasis, visual acuity, complications, and cytogenetic findings. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to estimate survival and recurrence rates. After a mean follow-up of 41.7 months, local tumor recurrence occurred in 2 patients (6.06%) and enucleation was performed in 1 patient (3.03%). Two patients (6.06%) developed metastases, with one disease-specific death, resulting in a 5-year survival rate of 97%. Visual acuity of 20/200 or better was preserved in 60.61% of patients. The most frequent complications were retinal detachment (36.36%) and macular edema (45.45%). Cytogenetic analysis showed a significant association between chromosome 1p loss and both recurrence and metastasis (p = 0.032). No cases of phthisis bulbi or severe hypotony were observed. This modified endoresection technique with intentional tumor residuals and adjuvant ruthenium-106 brachytherapy offers a safe and function-preserving option for selected patients with choroidal melanoma. It achieves good tumor control and visual outcomes, with a low rate of enucleation and metastasis. Further studies are required to validate its long-term efficacy.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".