Insights into American lobster (Homarus americanus) defence mechanisms against Vibrio splendidus
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Members of the Vibrio genus are widespread, Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, heterotrophic bacteria that inhabit many aquatic environments and contribute to nutrient cycling. They display different lifestyles, living freely in the water column, residing in sediments, or forming associations with other organisms, including as constituents of the crustacean gut microbiota. While some Vibrio species form mutualistic symbioses, others act as pathogens, causing vibriosis and significant mortality in marine fish and/or shellfish populations. In this study, the American lobster (Homarus americanus) was able to defend itself against Vibrio splendidus, with no mortality observed during the challenge. We performed RNA-Seq analysis of the hepatopancreatic tissue, an important immune organ in crustaceans, to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of this defence response. The expression of over 21,000 genes was measured, where 1250 were identified as differentially expressed. Seventy-two of these differentially expressed genes were annotated as having a role related to host immune or stress response. Of particular significance is the differential expression of several anti-lipopolysaccharide factors (ALFs), pentraxin serum amyloid A-5 protein-like (SAA-5-like), crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) genes, and other genes involved in signalling pathways, coagulation, and antioxidant defence systems. The distinct regulation of individual ALF and lectin genes may suggest a tailored immune response to V. splendidus. These findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms regulating immune responses in the American lobster and contribute to our broader understanding of host-pathogen interactions in marine crustaceans.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".