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Record W4417073975 · doi:10.1007/s10803-025-07156-5

A Sensory Approach to Design: Inclusive Principles

2025· article· en· W4417073975 on OpenAlexaff
Kristi Gaines, Angela Bourne, Michelle Pearson, Huili Wang

Bibliographic record

VenueJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicDisability Rights and Representation
Canadian institutionsFanshawe College
FundersTexas Tech UniversityAmerican Society of Interior Designers FoundationOrganization for Autism Research
KeywordsAutismSpace (punctuation)Sensory systemPublic healthPerceptionSelection (genetic algorithm)Inclusion (mineral)

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to address the importance of sensory input within the built environment and develop design guidelines to accommodate the needs of all users. Typically, people receive information about the surrounding environment through their senses collectively. However, sensory processing problems may occur when sensory signals do not integrate to provide appropriate responses. As a result, the environment may cause a person to feel confused or irritated. METHODS: A mixed methods approach was utilized to gather data including 1) focus group, 2) interviews, 3) observations, and 4) surveys. Over 600 subjects participated including education specialists (n = 546), adults with developmental disabilities (n = 58), and administrators and staff (n = 30). The target population was individuals who experienced difficulties with sensory processing, integration and modulation, caregivers, educators, and administrators who worked with the target population. RESULTS: The findings show that individuals with sensory processing disorder view their environment differently than the general population. The data gathered was analyzed and coded to reflect six sensory categories: sight, touch, hearing, taste, smell, and motion (includes proprioception and vestibular senses). Each of these themes were further evaluated to develop "Design Principles for Inclusive Environments." Auditory and Tactile sound triggers were found to be the most problematic sensory responses and are the main focus of this manuscript. Unexpected sounds, background noise, and noise from mechanical systems were among the most problematic, while incorporating music and nature sounds were found to alleviate sound triggers. Tactile sensitivity in the environment was increased or reduced based on textures and materials, available personal space, and temperature. CONCLUSION: The research also showed that all users of a space benefited from the integration of inclusive design principles. This information is communicated in an easy-to-understand format that might benefit design professionals, educators, administrators, parents and the general public.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.546
Threshold uncertainty score0.308

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.031
GPT teacher head0.317
Teacher spread0.286 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designTheoretical or conceptual
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations1
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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