Effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine booster dose on prevention of invasive pneumococcal disease in British Columbia, 2003–2018
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) remains a major cause of morbidity in children despite the routine use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) in childhood immunization programs. While the effectiveness of different vaccination schedules is well established, the additional benefit of the booster dose remains unknown. This study estimated the incidence of IPD by vaccination status in children under 18 years of age in British Columbia (BC), Canada, from 2003 to 2018. METHODS: IPD cases were identified through laboratory surveillance and vaccination records obtained from provincial immunization registries. We estimated annual IPD incidence using Poisson regression, with the offset being the population at risk derived from immunization coverage rates. We calculated adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRRs) stratified by serotype group, age, and vaccine period. RESULTS: Among 598 IPD cases, 53.2 % were unvaccinated, 31.8 % received 2-3 primary doses and 1 booster dose (primary + booster), 15.1 % received 1-3 primary doses (primary only). Annual adjusted incidence per 100,000 was 36.1 (unvaccinated), 11.6 (primary only), and 4.6 (primary + booster). Compared to unvaccinated children, aIRRs were 0.13 (95 % CI: 0.10-0.17) for primary + booster and 0.32 (95 % CI, 0.22-0.48) for primary only. The primary + booster group had a 61 % lower incidence than the primary-only group (aIRR 0.39, 95 % CI: 0.26-0.60). These patterns were consistent across age groups (<12 months, 12-23 months, 2-4 years, 5-9 years, and 10-18 years) and serotype groups (PCV7, additional PCV13, and non-PCV13). No significant differences in aIRR were observed between PCV7 (2003-2010) and PCV13 (2010-2018) eras. CONCLUSIONS: A schedule including a booster dose was associated with a significantly lower incidence of IPD. These findings support promoting the full primary + booster (2 + 1) schedule to reduce IPD burden in children.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".