Perceived Discrimination and Symptoms of Internalization in Migrant Adolescents: A Systematic Review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study aims to systematically review research examining the relationship between perceived discrimination and internalization symptoms in immigrant adolescents. A systematic search was conducted in the Google Scholar and PubMed databases; studies published between January 1993 and May 2025 were evaluated. The search strategy used the keywords "immigrant adolescents," "migrant youth," "refugee adolescents," "perceived discrimination," and "internalizing symptoms" together with Boolean operators. The search yielded 198 studies; after removing 37 duplicate studies, the titles and abstracts of the remaining 161 studies were reviewed, and 64 articles that did not meet the inclusion criteria were excluded. Of the 97 studies whose full text was reviewed, 69 were excluded for various reasons, and 28 studies were included in the analysis. The studies reviewed were conducted in countries such as the US, Canada, Europe, Türkiye and Australia. The findings revealed that perceived discrimination showed a meaningful and strong relationship with internalizing psychopathologies such as depression, anxiety, psychosomatic symptoms, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Mediating variables such as self-esteem, family cohesion, cognitive appraisal of discrimination, and socioeconomic status, as well as moderating variables such as ethnic identity, acculturation, family support, traditional family values, age, and transcultural identity, were found to play an important role in this relationship. These findings indicate that experiences of discrimination are a serious risk factor for the mental health of immigrant adolescents and should be taken into account in the development of preventive mental health policies
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.030 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.006 | 0.005 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.015 | 0.013 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".