Obstructive sleep apnea as an aggravating factor of cognitive impairment in vascular cognitive disorder
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective. To evaluate the impact of severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) on cognitive function and the severity of anxiety-depressive symptoms in patients with moderate vascular cognitive disorder (VCD), and identify the most susceptible cognitive domains. Material and methods. Fifty-one patients with moderate VCD were examined. The main group consisted of patients with moderate VCD and severe OSAS (n=26, AHI≥30), compared to patients with moderate VCD but without OSAS (n=25, AHI<5). Cardiorespiratory monitoring was used to diagnose OSAS. Neuropsychological testing included the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA); the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), which includes the cognitive-affective subscale (BDI (C-A)), the somatic symptoms of depression subscale (BDI (S-P)) and the total score (BDI, total score); the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), which includes trait (STAI-T) and state anxiety (STAI-S); the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB); the FCSRT-IR (Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test — Immediate Recall), which includes an assessment of free recall (FCSRT-IR, FR), playback with prompt (FCSRT-IR, CR), total score (FCSRT-IR, total score) and Index of Sensitivity of Cueing; Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT). Results. In the main group, lower scores were observed on the FAB (p=0.043), SDMT (p<0.001), FCSRT-IR (total score) (p=0.002), and MoCA (p=0.001) scales, indicating more pronounced cognitive impairment. There were higher rates of depressive symptoms in BDI (total score) (p=0.001), BDI (S-P) (p<0.001), but a low level of anxiety in STAI-S (p=0.001). Conclusion. Severe OSAS in patients with moderate VCD is associated with more severe impairment of executive functions, processing speed, psychomotor reactions, and increased levels of depressive symptoms with low levels of anxiety.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".