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76 A Retrospective US Claims Database Study Highlights Unmet Treatment Needs in Patients With Crohn’s Disease (CD)

2025· article· en· W4417175868 on OpenAlexaff
Vipul Jairath, Handing Xie, Jing Wang, Dalbir Dhiraj, Ayush Patel

Bibliographic record

VenueThe American Journal of Gastroenterology · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
TopicInflammatory Bowel Disease
Canadian institutionsWestern University
Fundersnot available
KeywordsDiseaseRetrospective cohort studyMEDLINEAlternative medicine

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Background: CD is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder with a high disease burden and impact on quality of life. Despite the advent of several advanced therapies (ATs), there is a need for data on their use in clinical practice. A real-world analysis of patients with CD newly initiated on AT or an immunosuppressant (IMS) showed that many patients required combination or multiple lines of therapy (LoTs), suggesting inadequate disease control and highlighting the need for durable, effective, and tolerable therapies (Jairath V, et al. Am J Gastroenterol 2024;119(10S):S819–S820). Here, we further investigate therapy sequence and duration in patients with CD initiated on AT. Methods: This retrospective US claims database (MerativeTM Marketscan®) study assessed therapy sequencing over 24 months in adults with CD newly initiated on AT (January 1, 2017–March 31, 2021). FDA-approved therapies through March 2021 were included. Patients had to be enrolled continuously for at least 12 months pre-index (date of first AT prescription; baseline period) and at least 24 months post-index (follow-up period). Therapy sequencing and duration of use were assessed using descriptive statistics. Results: Overall, 4,043 patients with CD received AT for the first time; of those, the most common were AT monotherapy (84.3%) and AT+corticosteroids (CS; 10.5%). Adalimumab (ADM) and infliximab (IFX) were the most common first-line monotherapy ATs. Of the 4043 patients, a total of 1,637 received second-line therapy; AT monotherapy (48.6%) and AT+CS (7.4%) were the most common regimens that included AT. ADM and ustekinumab were the most common second-line monotherapy ATs. Of 2,072 patients who received first-line ADM, 56.5% did not receive any additional LoT, 26.6% received AT in second-line, 10.1% received AT in subsequent lines after a non-AT second-line therapy, and 6.9% received no further AT. Of 921 patients who received IFX as first-line AT, 58.1% did not receive additional LoT, 24.8% received AT in second-line, 8.0% received AT in subsequent lines after a non-AT second-line therapy, and 9.1% received no further AT. Additionally, 19% of patients who received AT received at least a third LoT. Median duration of first-line therapy was 24.3 months in patients who received ADM and 21.9 months in patients who received IFX. Median duration of second-line AT in patients who received ADM or IFX as first-line therapy was 8.5 months and 8.9 months, respectively. Conclusions: These real-world data, describing the therapy patterns of patients with CD, show that patients often require multiple therapy options, suggesting that first-line therapies may not be sufficient to achieve and/or maintain remission. Early disease control and the ability to adjust therapies in response to CD flares in a timely manner are key to disease management and prevention of disease progression. Together, this highlights the need for first-line therapies that are efficacious and tolerable in achieving remission and durable in maintaining remission.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.003
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.009
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.008
Threshold uncertainty score0.016

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0030.009
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.001
Bibliometrics0.0020.004
Science and technology studies0.0010.000
Scholarly communication0.0010.001
Open science0.0010.001
Research integrity0.0010.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0020.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.003
GPT teacher head0.224
Teacher spread0.221 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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