“I Was Scared That My Parents Would Find Out”: The Dating Practices of 1.5-Generation Bangladeshi Women in Toronto, Ontario
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Women’s sexual behavior is regulated through notions of family honor, shame, modesty, and sexual purity in Bangladeshi culture. Little is known about the lived experiences of 1.5-generation Bangladeshi women who engage in premarital romantic/sexual relationships. Drawing on in-depth semi-structured interviews with ten 1.5-generation Bangladeshi women who immigrated to Canada as children or adolescents, this article uses a narrative inquiry methodology to explore their dating practices in the context of the sociocultural boundaries around premarital relationships. The findings offer a nuanced understanding of 1.5-generation Bangladeshi women’s dating practices using an intersectional feminist framework. Given the cross-cultural positionality of 1.5-generation Bangladeshi women, negotiating the dating arena can be challenging because of cultural value conflict and having to balance personal desires with expectations of chastity and heteronormativity. Participants’ lived experiences showed that they strategically negotiate cultural restrictions around dating and subvert the gendered and heteronormative expectations of sexual behavior. The findings have implications for utilization and access to sexual and reproductive health services for 1.5-generation Bangladeshi women involved in premarital relationships. The narratives of the women in this study challenge pervasive stereotypes of South Asian Muslim women as devoid of sexual agency.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.021 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".