Mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke in a low- and middle-income country: primary outcomes from the GRASSROOT Trial
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Access to mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke secondary to large vessel occlusion (LVO) is severely restricted in resource-constrained environments, largely owing to the prohibitive cost of existing approved devices. OBJECTIVE: The GRASSROOT Trial is the first prospective thrombectomy study in a low- and middle-income country (LMIC) setting assessing the safety and efficacy of the novel Supernova stent retriever-engineered for highest-level performance across diverse patient populations. METHODS: A prospective, single-arm, multicenter trial conducted in India enrolled patients with AIS due to internal carotid artery terminus, M1/M2 middle cerebral artery, or basilar artery occlusions presenting within 24 hours of symptom onset. Primary safety endpoints were symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) within 24 hours and all-cause mortality at 90 days. Primary efficacy endpoint was successful reperfusion (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) score ≥2b), with a 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0-2 serving as the secondary efficacy endpoint. RESULTS: Thirty-two consecutive eligible patients (mean age 58±16 years; 31% female; median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score 14 (IQR 9-18), Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score 8 (IQR 7-10)) were enrolled. Successful reperfusion (mTICI≥2b) after 1-3 passes of the Supernova stent retriever (median=1 (1-3)) was achieved in 30 (93.8%) patients without need for adjunctive rescue therapy. At 90 days, mortality was 9.4%, sICH 3.1%, and functional independence (mRS score 0-2) 50%. The median NIHSS score improved from 14 at baseline to 7 at discharge and to 4 at 90 days. First pass recanalization was observed in 22 (68.8%) patients. No device-related complications or deficiencies were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The GRASSROOT Trial demonstrates excellent safety and efficacy of the Supernova stent retriever in large vessel occlusions. High rate of first pass reperfusion together with value-based pricing could facilitate a significant advancement in acute stroke thrombectomy access in India and other LMICs. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT06249776.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".