Record W4417196302 · doi:10.1038/s41575-025-01153-w

Cholangiocarcinoma 2026: status quo, unmet needs and priorities

2025· review· en· W4417196302 on OpenAlexaff

Jesús M. Bañales, Pedro M. Rodrigues, Silvia Affò, Jesper B. Andersen, Patricia Aspichueta, Luke Boulter, John Bridgewater, Diego F. Calvisi, Andrés Cárdenas, Vincenzo Cardinale, Guido Carpino, Cédric Coulouarn, Cristina Dopazo, Julien Edeline, Luca Fabris, Trine Folseraas, Alejandro Forner, Benjamin Goeppert, Mathias Heikenwälder, Timothy J. Kendall, Shahid A. Khan, Heinz‐Josef Klümpen, Bas Groot Koerkamp, Angela Lamarca, Stacie Lindsey, Ana Lleò, Tom Luedde, Rocı́o I.R. Macı́as, Helen Morement, Jean‐Charles Nault, Paula Olaizola, María J. Perugorria, Chiara Raggi, Lorenza Rimassa, Anna Saborowski, Juan W. Valle, Mathew Vithayathil, Arndt Vogel, Chiara Braconi, Abel Sanchez, Aldo J. Montaño‐Loza, Alessandra Elvevi, Alessandro Parisi, Alexander Link, Ana Landa-Magdalena, Anthony Turpin, Anu Ustav, Apinya Jusakul, Arun Valsan, Benjamin J. Dwyer, Bogdan Silviu Ungureanu, Bruno Sangro, Christoph Schramm, Cindy Neuzillet, Constantino Fondevila, David J. Pinato, David Malka, Elisa Lozano, Emmanuel Boleslawski, Enrique Carrera Estupiñán, Ernesto Sparrelid, Eugenio Gaudio, Fatima Higuera‐de la Tijera, Flavio G. Rocha, Florence Troisfontaine, Frank Lammert, Gianpaolo Vidili, Gonzalo Sapisochin, Gregory B. Lesinski, Gregory J. Gores, Hannes Jansson, Hassan Malik, Jan Philipp Jonas, Javier Díaz Ferrer, Javier Vaquero, Jens U. Marquardt, Joana Espírito Santo, Jorge Adeva, Joris I. Erdmann, José J.G. Marı́n, Juan Carlos Roa, Juli Busquets, Juozas Kupčinskas, Krzysztof Zieniewicz, Lara R. Heij, Laura W. Goff, Laura Izquierdo‐Sánchez, Leonardo Gomes da Fonseca, Luca Maroni, Luís Bujanda, Mairéad G. McNamara, Marco Carbone, Marco Marzioni, Marco Rengo, Mariano Ponz‐Sarvisé, Mario Strazzabosco, Markus Peck‐Radosavljevic, Massimiliano Cadamuro, Massimiliano Salati, Massimo Colombo, Matei Mandea, Matías A. Ávila, Matthias Evert, Mina Komuta, Mitesh J. Borad, Mohamed Bouattour, Mohamed El‐Kassas, Mónica Isabel Meneses Medina, Monica Niger, Monique M.A. Verstegen, Nabeel Bardeesy, Nilofer S. Azad, Olivier Detry, Olivier Scatton, Martín Padilla, Pilar Acedo, Pim B. Olthof, Piotr Milkiewicz, Rachel V. Guest, Rachna T. Shroff, Robert Montal, Robin Kate Kelley, Ruidong Xue, Sergio A. Gradilone, Shishir K. Maithel, Silvestre Vicent, Siwanon Jirawatnotai, Stefano Caruso, Stéphanie Roessler, Stephen L. Chan, Stephen P. Pereira, Teresa Macarulla, Thomas Gruenberger, Tian V. Tian, Tim F. Greten, Tudor Mocan, Tushar Patel, Umair Mahmood, Umberto Cillo, V. Megdanova, Víctor López‐López

Bibliographic record

VenueNature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · 2025

Typereview

Languageen

FieldMedicine

TopicCholangiocarcinoma and Gallbladder Cancer Studies

Canadian institutionsUniversity Health NetworkPrincess Margaret Cancer CentreUniversity of AlbertaToronto General Hospital

FundersNational Cancer InstituteBerrikuntza + Ikerketa + Osasuna Eusko FundazioaAgencia Estatal de InvestigaciónInstituto de Salud Carlos IIISociedad Española de Oncología MédicaIkerbasque, Basque Foundation for ScienceInstitut National Du CancerDeutsche KrebshilfeMinisterio de Economía y CompetitividadMinistero della SaluteFundación Científica Asociación Española Contra el CáncerPSC Partners Seeking a CureDeutsche ForschungsgemeinschaftAssociazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul CancroMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovación y UniversidadesEuropean Regional Development FundEuropean Commission

KeywordsDelphi methodMEDLINEConsensus conferenceRisk assessmentCancerIncidence (geometry)DelphiGlobal health

DOI10.1038/s41575-025-01153-w

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

No abstract in any covered source. Its absence is recorded, not treated as a negative.

No abstract. This is not a gap in this database; OpenAlex has none either. 23.3% of the frame is in this state, and the screen finds HALF as much metaresearch here, so the absence is a measured bias rather than a missing field.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001

metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000

Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated

Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow), Research integrity

Consensus categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow), Research integrity

DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none

Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none

GenreCandidate signal: Review · Consensus signal: Review

Teacher disagreement score0.920

Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

Category	Codex	Gemma
Metaresearch	0.001	0.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)	0.001	0.001
Meta-epidemiology (broad)	0.009	0.002
Bibliometrics	0.001	0.001
Science and technology studies	0.000	0.001
Scholarly communication	0.000	0.000
Open science	0.000	0.001
Research integrity	0.002	0.004
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)	0.000	0.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.025

GPT teacher head0.352

Teacher spread0.326 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work

Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it