Enhanced Morphology Control and Hydrolytic Stability of HKUST-1 by Incorporation of Poly(acrylic acid)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
HKUST-1 is a copper-based metal–organic framework (MOF) that exhibits desirable properties including high porosity, catalytic activity, and the ability to encapsulate biomolecules. However, pristine HKUST-1 demonstrates poor hydrolytic stability, which results in the degradation of its porous framework upon exposure to water and poses challenges for broader applications as a catalyst or adsorbent. Polymers can be incorporated into MOFs for enhanced chemical stability due to their hydrophobic nature, coordination capacity, and modulating ability. Here, we report the synthesis of octahedral HKUST-1 particles using poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) both as an acid catalyst to mediate a phase transformation and as a modulator to control particle growth. The structural identity and stability of HKUST-1 were confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and N 2 adsorption measurements. PAA incorporation was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and pore size distribution analysis. Notably, our synthetic route produced a PAA–HKUST-1 composite with enhanced stability against air humidity for 14 days and biological buffer submersion for 7 days.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".