Evaluation of Behavioral Changes and Immunoglobulin Levels in Dogs with Parvoviral Enteritis Treated with Different Antibacterials
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Canine parvoviral enteritis (CPE) is a highly contagious and often fatal viral disease that primarily affects puppies, leading to severe gastrointestinal symptoms and immune suppression. This study aimed to evaluate both immunological and behavioral changes in dogs diagnosed with parvoviral enteritis and treated with different antibacterial agents. A total of 34 puppies presenting with clinical signs such as hypothermia (n=24), hyperthermia (n=4), dehydration (n=30), vomiting (n=32), and diarrhea (n=14; 12 of which were hemorrhagic) were included in the study. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels were measured and compared with healthy controls. Average IgA and IgG levels were lower than those of the control group and did not reach normal values throughout the study period. Behavioral assessments revealed that loss of appetite, dehydration, and exhaustion were observed in all dogs. Snarling, moaning, discontent, and drowsiness behaviors were analyzed according to breed, age, gender, and treatment groups. While snarling, discontent, and drowsiness showed no significant differences between groups (p>0.05), a statistically significant difference was found in moaning and discontent behaviors according to treatment groups (p<0.05). Females were generally more prone to display behavioral changes, and recovery was observed earlier in males. Among breeds, Pinschers showed more snarling and Labrador Retrievers exhibited more moaning and discontent behaviors. The study suggests that antibacterial treatments, while not significantly altering immunoglobulin levels, may influence behavioral responses during the recovery process of dogs with parvoviral enteritis. These findings highlight the importance of monitoring both immune and behavioral parameters in the management of CPV infection.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".