Freshwater management informed through paleolimnology in Halifax regional Municipality, Nova Scotia, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Watershed-scale stress from urbanization can negatively impact freshwater ecosystems and the services they provide, but our ability to manage these systems is limited by a lack of baseline knowledge. Halifax Regional Municipality (HRM), Nova Scotia, Canada, has the 8th fastest growing metropolitan area in Canada; hundreds of lakes are increasingly influenced by development, and most lakes in the urban-suburban core are developed to some degree. Lake monitoring in HRM has shown increased productivity in developed watersheds; however, a lack of historical context impedes lake management. Here, we establish a historical timeline through the analysis of biological indicators (subfossil chironomids) and elemental and isotopic geochemical records in a paleolimnological approach applied to three HRM lakes. We found that two lakes in residentially developed watersheds experienced a shift in chironomid taxa towards those indicative of human impact ( Chironomus , Cladotanytarsus mancus -type); however, our analysis show that much of the changes observed to each lake occurred prior to recent housing development. Municipal water quality monitoring programs are limited to the last four decades, and conclusions about development resulting in eutrophication contrast with the findings of this study, where we found impacts associated with land clearance and modification of habitat pre-1900. This highlights the limitations of poor resolution “snapshot” surface water quality monitoring compared to paleolimnological methods, which can capture high resolution conditions within a lake. Our results will enable informed decisions related to restoration/remediation targets and assist in the planning and management of freshwater resources.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".