Adults with cochlear implant and vestibular dysfunction: A scoping review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine the rate of vestibular dysfunction after cochlear implantation (CI), identify optimal preoperative testing to detect at-risk patients, examine correlations between objective dysfunction and symptoms, and summarize benefits of postoperative vestibular therapy. METHODS: A scoping review following PRISMA-ScR guidelines was conducted. Searches of PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and CINAHL identified studies from inception to December 2024. RESULTS: Thirty-five studies including 2,096 adults met criteria. Preoperative vestibular dysfunction in the implanted ear was reported in 47% on caloric testing and 34.9% on cVEMP, increasing postoperatively to 65.9% and 43.1%, respectively. Subjective symptoms rose from 25.1% to 29%, with most resolving by late follow-up. Caloric testing was the most frequently used assessment (66.6%), followed by cVEMP (59.2%) and vHIT (55.5%). Combined paradigms offered the most complete evaluation. Correlation between objective dysfunction and dizziness was weak. Vestibular rehabilitation improved dizziness, balance, and DHI scores in 80-100% of treated patients. DISCUSSION: Most CI recipients experience mild and transient vestibular symptoms, though some require targeted management. CONCLUSION: A substantial proportion of CI recipients develop vestibular dysfunction, supporting the need for comprehensive preoperative assessment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".