Angle-resolved polarization control of surface plasmon resonance in superimposed metallic gratings
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Gold-coated and in-plane single, double, and triple superimposed gratings were fabricated on azobenzene thin films, and their surface plasmon resonance (SPR) behavior was numerically simulated and experimentally validated. Single gratings exhibited strong SPR peaks only when the incident light polarization was aligned with the grating vector, double gratings redistributed the SPR light across multiple polarizations due to the reflection symmetry at lattice intersections, and triple gratings, having their vectors oriented in-plane at 60° increments, formed triangular lattices that supported robust, polarization-independent SPR excitation. Polarization-resolved transmission spectra and contour plots showed excellent agreement with numerical simulations, with minor deviations arising from fabrication tolerances. These results demonstrate a scalable method for tailoring polarization responses and establish triple gratings as a pathway to polarization-independent SPR devices. This approach simplifies optical configurations and broadens applications in biosensing, imaging, and integrated photonics.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".