Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this article, I present a historical conceptualization of the Hungarian-language term hazaáruló / traitor while contextualizingit within the emigration of Roma from Hungary to Canada and their subsequent return from Canada. I discuss how speakers emplaceRoma in Hungarian society through the figure of the hazaáruló / traitor, a term often employed in political debates to delegitimatizeopponents and also directed at Roma who returned from Canada, both by Roma and non-Roma. In tracing the concept historically,I take into account its legal definition and usage as codified in the Hungarian Criminal Code and contexts in which, for example, rulersoperationalized calls of treason as a linguistic device for disarming a political opponent (Cornwall 2015). Then, I describe a prominentcontemporary example of the discursive usage of the term hazaáruló / traitor in the case of the Roma from the town of Zámoly who fled Hungary to seek asylum in Strasbourg, France. Finally, I include relevant findings from ethnographic fieldwork during which Romani families frequently recounted instances of being named a hazaáruló / traitor for having migrated to Canada. In my analysis, I contend that the very act of Roma from Hungary seeking refuge were public exposures of the normalized relations of exclusion.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".