Infant gut anellovirus composition associates with early life factors and childhood atopic disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Anelloviruses are single-stranded circular DNA viruses that infect eukaryotic cells. They are acquired in infancy and can be found in most body compartments. The Anelloviridae family is highly prevalent and genetically diverse, but factors shaping the composition and the relationship with disease remain elusive. Here, we characterise faecal viromes of 647 one-year-old children from the deeply phenotyped Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood2010 (COPSAC2010) mother-child cohort. In this study, 111 unique anellovirus species are identified and reveal immense prevalence and individual variability. The anellovirus and bacteriophage compositions are slightly correlated, while no correlation is observed with the bacterial composition. Early-life exposures such as attending day care and having older siblings are associated with a reduced anellovirus abundance and diversity, and influence the anellovirus composition. Additionally, genetic secretors of the FUT2 enzyme have a higher anellovirus abundance compared to non-secretors. Minor associations are observed between anelloviruses and later allergic rhinitis, but no associations are found for concurrent acute infections or the development of other atopic traits. Our findings indicate that anelloviruses are a commensal component of all infants’ faecal virome, and further investigations into how immune-training factors influence their composition longitudinally are pertinent. Here, the authors characterize the gut virome of 647 one-year-old children in the COPSAC2010 cohort, finding that anelloviruses are highly prevalent and associated with daycare attendance, gestational age, and FUT2 secretor status.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".