Quality of life measure for children with Epilepsy: A psychometric evaluation of the Italian version
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective To report on the Italian validation of the Child Epilepsy Quality of Life Questionnaire (CHEQOL-25), including both the child self-report and parent-proxy versions. Methods The validation procedure was conducted at a single Italian centre between July 2024 and July 2025, involving 252 children with epilepsy and their parents. A forward–backward translation process was carried out in line with established best-practice guidelines. Data collection included family interviews and medical chart reviews. Psychometric evaluation covered reliability and validity. Results All items exceeded the accepted thresholds (≥ 0.78) for both content validity and comprehensibility. The factor structure closely replicated the original five-factor model, with certain items showing stronger loadings than the original study within the Interpersonal/Social and Intrapersonal/Emotional domains in both related versions. The Secrecy factor showed greater variability (h 2 = 0.06–.83), possibly reflecting differences in parental interpretation or their sensitivity to the epilepsy concealment. Children who engaged in playful activities scored higher across most subscales, particularly in the Interpersonal/Social and the Quest for Normality domains of the self-report version. Importantly, children not receiving school support reported higher scores across several subscales, suggesting fewer perceived psychosocial challenges. Agreement between child self-reports and parent proxy-reports ranged from moderate to strong (ICC = 0.53–.71). Conclusions The Italian version of the CHEQOL-25 measure demonstrates strong psychometric properties (consistent with the original version) and reinforces the value of assessing quality of life in children with epilepsy across diverse cultural contexts.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".