A Biomimetic Buffering Hydrogel Scaffold for Long‐Term Culture of Patient‐Derived Tumor Organoids
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Patient-derived cancer organoids have emerged as a promising in vitro model for fundamental cancer research and drug screening for therapeutic cancer treatment. Yet, while the inherent acidification of the tumor environment in vivo is controlled at a particular level, hydrogel scaffolds used for organoid culture lack this ability and their pH falls outside the physiologically relevant range. The excessive acidification can also lead to the degradation of pH-sensitive hydrogel scaffolds during long-term organoid culture, thus changing the mechanical properties of the organoid microenvironment. Here, we report a biomimetic fibrous hydrogel with built-in buffering capacity, which enables control of the local acidification of the organoid environment to maintain its mechanical and structural stability. The hydrogel is formed from aldehyde-functionalized cellulose nanocrystals carrying histidine buffering molecules, and gelatin. During long-term organoid culture, the hydrogel maintained the pH in the physiologically relevant range, while maintaining network integrity and mechanical properties. The organoids grown in this hydrogel exhibited enhanced proliferative activity of cancer cells, thus reflecting a more homeostatic tumor-like niche. This work shows that introducing a buffering functionality into the hydrogel scaffold enables significantly improved support for long-term culture of patient-derived breast cancer organoids under physiologically relevant conditions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".