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Record W4417322891 · doi:10.5194/ica-abs-10-81-2025

Tracing the Flow of Treaty Relations in the Salish Sea.

2025· article· en· W4417322891 on OpenAlex
Leah Fulton

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.
aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.

Bibliographic record

VenueAbstracts of the ICA · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEnvironmental Science
TopicInternational Maritime Law Issues
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Victoria
Fundersnot available
KeywordsTracingTreatyFlow (mathematics)Field (mathematics)

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Cartography, as an ever-evolving discipline, necessitates ongoing critical engagement with the question, "Who is the map for?"This inquiry is particularly pertinent in addressing the colonial narratives that have historically shaped mapping practices, especially in ways that relationships between First Nations peoples and the state -such as treaties, reserves/reservations, and land claim areas --are represented.The Coast Salish Peoples, the original Nations of the Salish Sea, maintain teachings, laws, governance systems, and land tenure practices that predate colonial settlement and continue to thrive today.In some parts of the Salish Sea bioregion (an area similar but not identical to the territories of Coast Salish peoples), historic and modern-day treaties have established foundational relationships between Indigenous communities and the settler states of Canada and the United States.Much of British Columbia, however, remains without treaties, reflecting the Crown's historical failure to establish formal agreements with many Indigenous communities, and the ongoing challenge of reaching modern-day treaty agreements today.In adjacent Washington State, historic treaties and tribal recognition policies have been quite different than in British Columbia, resulting in quite different cartographic picture.The transboundary nature of the Salish Sea further complicates conventional mapping practices, as political, legal, and geophysical boundaries often fail to align with how Indigenous peoples themselves see and practice their territorialities.The interconnected waterbodies of this bioregion provide a helpful focus, metaphor, and framework for better understanding and retracing treaty relationships, Indigenous territories, and ongoing negotiations over title and rights.This perspective is a cartographic challenge and highlights the need for maps that more accurately reflect the complex socio-political and ecological, and historical realities of the region.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.552
Threshold uncertainty score0.450

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.005
GPT teacher head0.231
Teacher spread0.226 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it