Radiation Tolerant Multi-Loop VCO Structures in 28-nm FDSOI Technology
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This manuscript investigates the use of different multi-loop voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) structures to mitigate single event effects (SEE). The first approach is a three-stage fully differential cross-coupled ring oscillator, designed with current regulation biasing to enhance supply noise rejection. The second is a fully differential current-mode logic (CML) multi-path ring oscillator with coarse/fine control. Both structures were fabricated in 28-nm FDSOI technology. The cross-coupled ring VCO exhibits enhanced performance when using the high-current configuration, showing a phase noise of -80.1 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset from the center frequency of 1.49 GHz and a figure of merit (FoM) of 140. Moreover, the CML multi-path VCO stands out as a high-performance structure with -93.4 dBc/Hz phase noise measured at 1 MHz offset from the 1.42 GHz carrier frequency and a FoM of 151. Single event effects (SEE) and total ionizing dose (TID) responses were evaluated using a 105 MeV proton beam and60Co radiation, respectively. Experimental results demonstrated significant single event transient (SET) mitigation with both solutions, with the CML multi-path VCO exhibiting superior radiation tolerance with a maximum single event frequency transient (SEFT) of 4.2% and a maximum recovery time of 1.3 ns. Both designs showed high TID tolerance up to 300 krads.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".