A receptor-like kinase recognizes viral proteins at the trans-Golgi network/early endosome and inhibits infection in rice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Receptor-like kinases (RLKs) reside on the cell surface and recognize apoplastic colonization by plant-infecting microbes to initiate immune responses. Whether RLKs can also recognize intracellular colonization by viruses to activate antiviral defense mechanisms in plants remains unknown. Here, we report the identification and characterization of a trans-Golgi network/early endosome (TGN/EE)-localized RLK that recognizes viral proteins and inhibits infection in rice. OsVIRK1, a cysteine-rich receptor-like kinase, promotes rice resistance to rice stripe virus (RSV), one of the most devastating viruses of rice. OsVIRK1 transcription is induced in RSV-infected rice, and its protein accumulates through autophosphorylation and redox-mediated regulation. OsVIRK1 physically interacts with the RSV coat protein (CP), a known immune elicitor, and nonstructural protein 3 (NS3), an antiviral RNA-silencing suppressor, at the TGN/EE. OsVIRK1 is required for CP-triggered defense gene expression. It phosphorylates NS3, reducing NS3 accumulation in the cytoplasm and thus repressing its activity as an RNA-silencing suppressor. Our findings suggest that OsVIRK1 recognizes viral proteins at the TGN/EE to inhibit infection by activating plant antiviral immunity and dampening viral counterdefense.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".