Bibliographic record
Abstract
Travel was once a way in which the world changed us. Now, it is a way in whichwechange the world.Twenty-five years ago, two things made mass tourism possible: cheap air travel and the credit card. The world has come a long way since then—and very quickly—from the need for either travel agents or traveler’s checks. From the now-vast cruise ship industry to a myriad of niche areas such as do-good tourism, self-improvement tourism, sex tourism, and adventure tourism, travel—as an industry and an activity—reaches into corners and has developed on scales not hitherto imagined. InTrapped by Tourism: Sustainability Questions for a World Fueled by Travelers, Larry Krotz explores the tensions that formed with the rise of mass tourism, focusing on what travelers want vs what travelers do and the sustainability of tourism itself, both as it plays out in economies and as a factor impacting natural and cultural environments. We will never shut down tourism. We are destined to have it and to participate in it. But what truly are its implications for the world we live in? If communities and governments seek economic benefits, they must also look at the trade-offs: commodification of cultures, economic unfairness, environmental stresses, and much more. By delving into examples ranging from the wine industry to Indigenous communities, Krotz looks at how what we do and how we do it affects important corners of the world, and how awareness has developed about steering the impacts in ways that work for everybody.Trapped by Tourismtakes readers around the world to locations such as the old cities of Europe, Indigenous communities in North America and Africa, wine growing regions in Canada, the island of Cuba, and Cathedral towns in England; places where tourism as an economic driver come up against environmental or cultural forces that push in exactly the opposite direction, creating tensions within today’s mass tourism. The result is a thoughtful and provocative framework that encourages readers and travelers alike to consider an ever-growing component of our culture—the way we travel and the impact we leave behind.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.013 | 0.010 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.007 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.134 | 0.040 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".