Evaluating the Effectiveness of an Oral Health Edutainment Activity in Improving Oral Health, Sugar Consumption Behaviors, and Oral Hygiene Status among Government Primary School Children: A Cluster-randomized Controlled Trial
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: With edutainment activities demonstrating significant success in improving the oral health attitudes and behaviors, it is warranted that schoolchildren from disadvantaged socioeconomic backgrounds are provided with practically feasible edutainment activities. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an edutainment activity rooted in the traditional snake and ladder game in improving behaviors conducive to oral health and oral hygiene status among government primary school children in NTR district, Andhra Pradesh. Materials and Methods: This cluster-randomized controlled trial was done among 139 government primary school children, where an edutainment intervention based on the traditional snake and ladder game was designed and administered with a frequency of at least twice a week. Total sugar score and simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S) were the key outcomes that were recorded at baseline and 6 weeks postintervention. Statistical Analysis: Descriptive statistics, independent samples t -tests, and paired t -tests were done to analyze the study data using IBM SPSS version 20 software (IBM SPSS, IBM, Armonk, NY, USA). Results: While there were no significant differences between the trial arms in OHI-S scores, the intervention arm had significantly lesser sugar scores at the 6 weeks’ postintervention time point, and there was also a significant decline in the total sugar score from baseline to 6 weeks in the intervention arm. Conclusion: The edutainment activity offered for the schoolchildren was effective in improving food choices, though there was no apparent change in the oral hygiene status.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".